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BE Tables B Vincent Crist 2021-04-02T19:12:28-07:00
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**NOTES
Be careful using NIST BEs to make chemical state assignments. Study the Histogram Plots of NIST BEs. Based on my 30+ years of experience using XPS to analyse materials and solve problems, the NIST BEs in the NIST SRD20 Database are useful as a guide, but their reliability is difficult to know. Check if the original paper gave a Cu 2p3 BE. What was the the C (1s) BE? Does it match your C (1s) BE? Did the instrument use non-monochromatic Mg X-rays that produce serious heat (up to 200 C) and that produce high energy X-rays called Bremsstrahlung (up to 15 kV in energy) that can degrade some materials? What was the FWHM of the Ag (3d5)? Does it match your Energy Resolution (PE) settings close enough?
For an in-depth review on the reliability of BEs in NIST database and scientific journals that publish XPS BEs, please read: “XPS in Industry – Problems with binding energies in journals and binding energy databases”, written by B. Vincent Crist (Sr. Editor of TXL), and published in Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, vol 231 (2019) 75-87, (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2018.02.005)
An earlier version of this Review was published in Japan in the Journal of Surface Analysis, titled: “A Critical Review of Popular XPS Data-Banks”, Journal of Surface Analysis Vol.2. No.1, p. 21-58 (1996)
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Chemical States
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Chemical Suppliers
Chemical Treatments
Chemical Treatments
Chi-Squared
Chlorides
Circular Dichroism in XPS
Cl – Basic Spectra
Clean Surface
Cleanliness of Surfaces
Client Portal
Co – Basic Spectra
Collections of XPS Spectra
Common Difficulties
Comparison of Background Types
Complex Peak-fits Explained
Components
ComPro v12 (SASJ)
Constrained Peak-fit
Consultants
Contact TXL
Contact TXL
Contact TXL
Contact TXL
Contamination
Contamination
Contract Analysis Labs
Contributing Editors
Contributing Editors
Contributors
Core Hole Lifetimes – FWHM
Corrosion
Cr – Basic Spectra
Creeping Lubricants
Crist – Handbooks of Monochromatic XPS
Crist – PDF Book of Commercially Pure Metal Oxides
Crist – PDF Book of Polymers
Crist – PDF Book of RE Oxides, Carbonates, Hydroxides, Sulfides, Nitrides…
Crist – PDF Book of Semiconductors
Crist – PDF Book of The Elements & Native Oxides
Crist – Spectra Handbook – Metal Oxides
Crist – Spectra Handbook – The Elements & Native Oxides
Crist Empirical IP eSFs – Scofield Base
Crist Handbook Series – Parameters
Crist Publications for Download
Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
Critical Review of NIST XPS BEs
Cs – Basic Spectra
CSA Standards
Cu – Basic Spectra
Curve-fitting = Peak-fitting
Data
Data Collection Settings
Data Collection Settings
Data Collection Software
Data File Formats
Data Processing Steps
Data Processing Steps
Data Quality
Data Quality
Degradation
Degradation
Degradation due to Ar+ Ion Etching
Degradation due to Flood Gun Electrons
Degradation due to X-ray Flux
Degradation of Polymers
Deposited Gold
Deposited Gold
Deposited Gold
Deposition Methods
Depth of Information
Depth Profiling
Differential Charging
DIN Standards
DIN Standards
Documentary Standards and Guidelines
Don Baer (USA)
Donation Please
Donations
Downloads
Drawings and Schematics
Due to Bremsstrahlung
Due to High Vacuum
Due to Non-Mono Heat
Dy – Basic Spectra
EAG-EuroFin Application Notes
EAL, Effective Attenuation Length
Electron Configuration – Atomic Orbitals
Electronic State Info
Element Cyclopedia TEMPLATE
Element X-pedia TEMPLATE
Element XP-Cyclopedia
Endpoint Averaging
Energy loss peak
Energy Resolution
Energy Resolution (PE)
Environmental XPS
Er – Basic Spectra
ESCApe
Eu – Basic Spectra
EULA
Examples of Bad Peak-fitting
Excited States
Expert Members
Experts
Extending Spectrum Range Benefits
Extrinsic Background
F – Basic Spectra
Fe – Basic Spectra
Features
Features in Chemical State Spectra
Features in Survey Spectra
Fermi Edge
Fermi Edge (features)
FG Effect on Native Oxides
Final & Initial States
Final State Effects
flat-database-2
Flood Gun Effect on Native Oxides
Flood Gun on Native Oxides, 1 MB (plots)
Flood Gun Optimization & Alignment
Flowcharts & Guides
Fluorides
Free Membership
Free Software
Free XPS Spectra – Free XPS Software
Free XPS Spectra – ISO 14976
Frequently Asked Questions
From Auger Signals
From Survey Spectra
Future for XPS Instrument Sales
Future for XPS Instrument Sales
Future for XPS Instrument Sales
FWHM = Peak-width
FWHM = Peak-width
FWHM for Peak-fitting Chemical Compounds
FWHM for Pure Metals – Mono and Non-Mono
FWHM Information
FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy
FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy (ER)
Ga – Basic Spectra
Gas Capture of UHV Gases
Gas Phase XPS
Gas Treatments
Gaussian Lorentzian Model
Gaussian Lorentzian Models
Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios
Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios
Gd – Basic Spectra
Ge – Basic Spectra
GI-GO ?
GOST-R & RuStandards
Graphene Materials
Graphs and Charts
Groups as Members
gtest
H – Basic Spectra
Handbook Series, 34 MB (*.ISO, *.VMS)
Handbooks – XPS Spectra
Handbooks of XPS Spectra
HAXPES
He – Basic Spectra
Heat Treatments
HER Auger Spectra, 12 MB (*.sdp)
Hf – Basic Spectra
Hg – Basic Spectra
Hidden
High BE Endpoint
Histogram Plots of NIST BEs
Histogram Plots of NIST BEs
History of XPS
Ho – Basic Spectra
Home Page
Hydrocarbon Carbon (not for calibration)
Hydroxides
Hydroxides from Oxides
HyperPhysics
I – Basic Spectra
Imaging – Mapping
IMFP & AL
IMFP – Metal vs Metal Oxide
In – Basic Spectra
In-Situ Treatments
Index / Site-map
Industrial Goods, 67 MB (*.vgd)
Industrial Labs
Initial & Final States
Inside View – Analysis Chamber
Instrument Buying Guide
Instrument Component Suppliers
Instrument Components
Instrument Design
Instrument Details & Adjustments
Instrument Geometries
Instrument Makers
Instrument Makers
Instrument Operation
Instrument Service
Instrument Training by Maker
Instruments
Insulator Band Gap
Integration Endpoints
Interactive Visualizations
International Conferences – XPS
International XPS Instrument Registry (IXIR)
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Losses
Intrinsic Signal
Ion Beam Etching
Ion Etch Rate Films
Ion Etch Rate Tables
Ion Etched Elements – Capture UHV Gases
Ion Etching
Ion Etching – Ag, Au, Cu
Ion Etching Variables
Ir – Basic Spectra
ISO 18115-1:2013 XPS Terms
ISO BE Standards
ISO Standards
IXIR
IXIR Database ON-LINE
σ, SF, ASF, RSF, and e-RSF
JEOL – XPS Handbook
JIS Standards
Job Openings for XPS
Job Openings for XPS
John Moulder (USA)
John T. Grant
Journal Editors
Journals & Publishers
K – Basic Spectra
Kateryna Artyushova
Knowledge Base
Kr – Basic Spectra
Kratos – XPS Handbook
Kratos Application Notes, etc.
Kratos SFs – Scofield SFs until 1995
KSA Standards
La – Basic Spectra
Landing Page
Laser-XPS
Legal Witness
Li – Basic Spectra
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs
Licensing by Membership
Lifetime of Clean Surfaces
Limits & Weaknesses
Linear Background
Linear Background
Links
Links to >700 pages at TXL
List of Members
Literature Spectra (used as Reference Spectra)
Log-In Here
Logo’s
Lorentzian % – Excessive
Lorentzian % – Excessive
Lu – Basic Spectra
Lubricants
Makers
Mark C. Biesinger
Materials Analysis Methods – List
Matthew Linford
Member Benefits
Metal Oxides – Binary
Mg – Basic Spectra
Miscellaneous, 60 MB (*.txt)
Mn – Basic Spectra
Mo – Basic Spectra
Molybdates
Multi-Pak
Multiplet Splitting
Multiplet Splitting
Multiplet Splitting
Multiplet Splitting – 2p – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu
Multiplet Splitting – 3s – Orbitals
Multiplet Splitting – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu
Multiplet Splitting – La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb
Multiplet Splitting and BE Shifts
Multiplet Splitting Calculated by P. Bagus
MultiQuant – XPS
My Personal Account
N – Basic Spectra
Na – Basic Spectra
NanoParticle Suppliers
National Labs and Research Institutes
Native Oxide Spectra – BE of C (1s) ?
Native Oxides
Native Oxides – Examples
Native Oxides FG ON-OFF, 5 MB (*.sdp)
Native Oxides, 16 MB, FG OFF (*.vgd)
Natural FWHM
Natural Oxidation
Nb – Basic Spectra
Nd – Basic Spectra
Ne – Basic Spectra
Neal Fairley (UK)
Necsa-Bio Polymers, 2 MB (*.mrs)
Negligence
News
Ni – Basic Spectra
Niobates
NIST BEs
Nitrides
Noise
Noisy Data – Coal
Noisy Data – Ni metal
O – Basic Spectra
Old Links
On-Site Professional Teachers
On-Site Professional Teachers
One Electron Approximation
Operating Conditions
Original S-Probe, 90 MB (*.mrs)
Os – Basic Spectra
Our Sponsors
Overlaid Chemical State Spectra – Examples
Overlapping Doublets – Sulfur
Overlapping Peaks
Overlapping Peaks
Overlapping Peaks
Oxidation Treatments
P – Basic Spectra
Partnerships & Sponsorships
Pass Energies: 5-300 eV
Paul S. Bagus
Pb – Basic Spectra
Pd – Basic Spectra
PDMS – Silicone Oil
Peak Area Ratios – PET
Peak Area vs Background Endpoints
Peak Base and Top
Peak-fit Examples
Peak-fit Models
Peak-fit Quality
Peak-Fit Review Service
Peak-fits of Principal Signals – Elements
Peak-fitted Spectra Examples
Peak-fitting = Curve-fitting
Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak
Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak – Easy!
Peak-fitting Flow-Chart
Peak-fitting Guides
Peak-fitting Process – Examples
Peak-fitting Process – Examples
Peak-fitting Results
Peak-fitting Variables
Peak-shape – Example #1
Peak-shape – Example #1
Peak-Shapes (charging)
Peak-Shapes (charging)
Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
Performance vs Specification
Periodic Table of BEs
Periodic Tables
Perovskite Suppliers
Peroxides
PHI – XPS Handbook of Spectra – The Elements
PHI – XPS Handbooks
PHI Handbook Pages
PHI Handbook Spectra, 6 MB (*.spe)
Phosphates
Photoelectron BE Diagrams
Photoemission Process
Photos of Samples
Physics & Theory
Physics of XPS
Physics of XPS
Plasma Treatments
Plasmon Loss Peaks
Plasmon Loss Peaks (features)
Plasmon or Shake-up – Which?
Plots Comparing SFs
Polymer Spectra
Polymer Suppliers
Polymers, 46 MB (*.sdp)
Polymers2
Posters & InfoGraphics
PPT / PDF Presentations
Pr – Basic Spectra
Precision
Press Center
Price for Professional Membership
Professional Members
Professional Teachers
Professors who Donated
Pt – Basic Spectra
Pt overlaps Al – ratios
Publishing XPS Data
Publishing XPS Data
Publishing XPS Data
Publishing XPS Data
Publishing XPS Data
Publishing XPS Experimental Details – Journals
Purchase Professional Membership (US$)
Pure Element – Survey Spectra + L
Pure Element Spectra – Main Signals
Pure Element Spectra – Survey Scans
Pure Elements
Pure Single Crystal – CaCO3 (Calcite)
Quantification – Atom%s
Quantification – Atom%s
Quantification – Atom%s
Quantification – Atom%s
Quantum Mechanics of XPS
Quases
Rare Earth Materials…, 36 MB (*.vgd)
Rare Earth Metals – Principle
Rare Earth Suppliers
Rb – Basic Spectra
Re – Basic Spectra
Reference Materials
Registration Form – IXIR System
Reliable BEs ?
Reliable Peak-fits ?
Repeatability
Reproducibility
Research Members
Rh – Basic Spectra
Ru – Basic Spectra
S – Basic Spectra
s, p, d, f Peak-widths
S-Probe, 200 MB (*.mrs, ASCII)
Sample (Specimen)
Sample (specimen) Handling
Sample (specimen) History
Sample (specimen) Storage
Sample Degradation
Sample Mount Charge-up
Sample Mounts
Sample Prep Equipment
Sample Preparation Bench
Sample Preparation Methods
Sample Size, Shape & Form
Satellite Peaks?
Sb – Basic Spectra
Sb overlaps O – ratios
Sc – Basic Spectra
Scattering Effects
SCE Values
Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Crist Modified for Thermo K-Alpha
Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Theoretically Calculated – Central Field Potential – SCF
Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Thermo Modified
SDP_v8 software
Se – Basic Spectra
Selenides
SEM-EDS Information Depth
Semiconductor Suppliers
Sessa
SF Table #6
Shake-up – Cu (2+) vs Cu (1+)
Shake-up – pi to pi*
Shake-up peaks
Shake-up Structures
Sherwood & Proctor Background
Shirley Background
Shirley Background
Shop
Si – Basic Spectra
Signal-to-Noise (S/N)
Silicates
Silicides
Simple Peak-fit Examples
Simple Peak-fit Examples 2
Single Crystal Suppliers
Single Crystal Suppliers
Single Crystals, 240 MB (*.vgd)
Single Xtals, 2D, Graphene, Nano, Perovskite
SiS Standards
Sm – Basic Spectra
Smoothing – Bad vs OK
Sn – Basic Spectra
Software
Software Operation
Source of Spectra in The XPS Library
SpecMaster Pro, 1.8 GB (*.sdp)
SpecMaster, 527 MB (*.sdp)
Spectra Data Processor (SDP) – 2 yrs Free
Spectra Data Processor v7 – Training Videos
Spectra Examples
Spectra Handbooks
Spectra-Bases #1
Spectra-Bases #2
Spin-Orbit Coupling
Spin-Orbit Coupling
Spin-Orbit Coupling
Sr – Basic Spectra
SRD 64 Electron Elastic Scattering Cross-Sections
SRD 71 Electron IMFP Database
SRD 82 Electron EAL Database
Standards
Statistics
Sticking Coefficients
Store
Strategic Partners
Sub-Structure
Subscriptions
Sulfates
Sulfides
Sulfides from H2S (air)
Summaries of BE Tables – NIST
Summaries of BE Tables – NIST
Super Coster-Kronig Effect – Ti (2p1) in TiO2
Surface Charging
Surface Chemical Reaction
Surface Chemistry
Surface Contaminants
Surface Photo-Chemistry
Surface Reactivity
Surface Science Western (UWO) Application Notes
SurfaceSpectra – XPS Handbook of Polymer Spectra
Survey Spectra Examples
Sven Tougaard
Synchrotron Labs
Synchrotrons
Synchrotrons for XPS
Synthetic Peaks
Ta – Basic Spectra
Tables & Guides
Tb – Basic Spectra
Tc – Basic Spectra
Te – Basic Spectra
Teaching Members
Team
Technical Support
Tellurides
Temp
Terms & Phrases for XPS
Terms of Use
Tesla Coil Irradiation
Tesla Coil Irradiation Effects
TEST
Test Page
Tests of RSFs
Th – Basic Spectra
The History of XPS
Thermo Application Notes
Thermo K-Alpha XPS
Thermo’s Modified Scofield SFs Al X-rays
Thickness Estimates
Ti – Basic Spectra
Titanates
Tl – Basic Spectra
Tm – Basic Spectra
ToF-SIMS Information Depth
Too Many Peaks – O (1s) – native SiOx
Tougaard Backgound
Tougaard Background
Tougaard Background
TPP-2M and IMFPs
TPP-2M IMFP Calculator
Trace level signals
Training & Videos
Translate TXL Website to Your Language
Translate TXL Website to Your Language
Transmission Function
Transmission Function
Trouble-Shooter Pro
Troubleshooting
Tungstates
TXL #2, 2.0 GB (*.vgd)
TXL HQ IP-eSF, 340 MB (*.vgd)
TXL Members
TXL Misc, 60 MB, (*.vgd)
TXL Store
TXL Ultimate, 3 GB (*.txt, *.sdp, *.vgd)
U – Basic Spectra
UHV Gas Capture, 1 MB (3d plots)
UKSAF Links
Ulvac-PHI Application Notes
Ulvac-PHI ASFs
Ulvac-PHI ASFs – March 2002
Ulvac-PHI SFs as Plots
Unifit
University Labs
Useful Websites
V – Basic Spectra
Valence Band Examples
Valence Band Spectra – Elements
Valence Band, 3 MB (*.txt, *.sdp)
Vanadates
Vegh Background
VG Eclipse Database, 9 MB (*.dts)
Vibrational Bands – Gases & Polymers
Video of Website Menus
Videos of TXL Website
Vincent Fernandez
Vincent S. Smentkowski (USA)
Vocabulary
Voigt Peak-shape
W – Basic Spectra
Wagner Book of XPS BEs (NIST)
Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – PHI Modified for 5800 Omni-5
Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – PHI Modified for MultiPak v8
Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – Empirically Defined : F (1s)=1.0 vs C (1s)=1.0
Wagner’s Original ASFs
Wall Charts & Wall Posters
Website Menus Display
Wikipedia – XPS
Work Functions of Elements
X-pedia for Elements
X-ray Beam Alignment
X-ray Beam Size
X-ray Data Booklet – LBL
X-ray Degradation of Polymers, 1 MB (*.sdp)
X-ray Energies
X-ray Energies
X-ray Sources
XI – Application Notes
XI Sample Spectra
XML Site-Map of The XPS Library
XPS
XPS (.SDP format) 7304 data-sets
XPS (.SDP format) 7304 data-sets
XPS (.VMS, .ISO, .TXT) 3177 data-sets
XPS (.VMS, .ISO, .TXT) 3177 data-sets
XPS (.VMS, .ISO, .TXT) 3177 data-sets
XPS Basics
XPS Basics
XPS BE On-line Database – NIST
XPS by Element
XPS Detection Limit
XPS Detection Limits
XPS Detection Limits
XPS Instrument Manufacturers
XPS International Application Notes
XPS International Database Websites
XPS Job Openings
XPS Jobs at XPS Makers
XPS Jobs at XPS Makers
XPS Journals
XPS Labs
XPS Labs around the World
XPS Library – SEO TERMS
XPS Manufacturers who Donated
XPS Opportunities at Contract Analysis Labs
XPS Papers – NIST
XPS Peak-fitting MOVIES
XPS Service by TXL
XPS Simplified, 14 MB (*.vgd)
XPS Spectra & AES Spectra Libraries
XPS Theory
XPS Training Videos
Y – Basic Spectra
Yb – Basic Spectra
Your Suggestions – Your Ideas to improve TXL
Zn – Basic Spectra
Zr – Basic Spectra
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