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BE Tables B Vincent Crist 2021-04-02T19:12:28-07:00
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**NOTES
Be careful using NIST BEs to make chemical state assignments. Study the Histogram Plots of NIST BEs. Based on my 30+ years of experience using XPS to analyse materials and solve problems, the NIST BEs in the NIST SRD20 Database are useful as a guide, but their reliability is difficult to know. Check if the original paper gave a Cu 2p3 BE. What was the the C (1s) BE? Does it match your C (1s) BE? Did the instrument use non-monochromatic Mg X-rays that produce serious heat (up to 200 C) and that produce high energy X-rays called Bremsstrahlung (up to 15 kV in energy) that can degrade some materials? What was the FWHM of the Ag (3d5)? Does it match your Energy Resolution (PE) settings close enough?
For an in-depth review on the reliability of BEs in NIST database and scientific journals that publish XPS BEs, please read: “XPS in Industry – Problems with binding energies in journals and binding energy databases”, written by B. Vincent Crist (Sr. Editor of TXL), and published in Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, vol 231 (2019) 75-87, (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2018.02.005)
An earlier version of this Review was published in Japan in the Journal of Surface Analysis, titled: “A Critical Review of Popular XPS Data-Banks”, Journal of Surface Analysis Vol.2. No.1, p. 21-58 (1996)
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*** International BE Calibration – Status Reports *** TEMPLATE – 3 column tables ***BE CALIBRATION – RULES ***BE CALIBRATION – RULES **Membership **PEAK-FITTING – FACTS, RULES & GUIDELINES **PEAK-FITTING – FACTS, RULES & GUIDELINES **Plot Examples **Registration FORM **Registration FORM *Accuracy Limits – LiF as example *Free Library Membership *Suggestions *Table of RSFs – Normalized Scofield SFs – Periodic Table TEMPLATE v1 – Periodic Table TEMPLATE v2 2D Materials Suppliers 6 Tables of Sensitivity Factors AAnalyzer Abbe Criterion About The XPS Library Accuracy Ads Advanced Interpretation of XPS Advanced Peak-fitting Examples Advanced XPS Advantages of XPS Adventitious Carbon Adventitious Carbon Adventitious Carbon Advertise Advertising Members AES (.SDP, .NPL, .VMS) 2281 data-sets AES (.SDP, .NPL, .VMS) 2281 data-sets AFNOR Standards Ag – Basic Spectra Al – Basic Spectra Alberto Herrera Gomez Alloy & Stainless Steel Samples Kit amCharts v4 test Anatomy / Features of Chemical State Spectra Anatomy / Features of Survey Spectra Angels who Donated Anti-Static, Anti-Caking Application Notes Application Notes © Application Notes from Makers Applications Ar – Basic Spectra AR-XPS As – Basic Spectra Assigning Chemical States ASTM Standards Asymmetric tail Asymmetry Atom% & Shake-up Atom% gives Empirical Formula Au – Basic Spectra Auger (AES) Information Depth Auger Parameter Auger Signals Auger Spectra from XPS – Examples Avantage AVS Training Courses © 2019, Copyrights B – Basic Spectra B. Vincent Crist B. Vincent Crist – CEO Background Background – Active Fitting Background baseline Background bulge Background Endpoints Background Endpoints Background Noise Background Shapes for Peak-fitting Background Shapes for Peak-fitting Background Subtraction-Removal Background Type – Shirley or Linear Background Width Bad Data Bad Peak-fits Bad Peak-fits Explained Bad Peak-fits Explained Bad Peak-fits Published in Journals – Explained Bad Peak-fitting Example Bad Peak-fitting Example – Ni (2p3) Bad Peak-fitting or Good Peak-fitting Bad Survey Spectra Bagus Papers BAM Standards Band Gaps Band Gaps from Spectra Baselines for Peak-fitting (S, L, T) Be – Basic Spectra BE Calibration – History BE Calibration Values BE Lookup Table BE RELIABILITY – VITAL BE Reliability Problem BE Scale Calibration BE Table – Atomic # Order BE Tables Beam Alignment Benefits Bi – Basic Spectra bi-Carbonates Biesinger SFs Binary Oxides, 46 MB (*.sdp) Binding Energy (BE) Scale Calibration Blog Books Borates Borides Br – Basic Spectra BSI Standards Bubble Chart for Peak-fitting C – Basic Spectra C. Richard Brundle C. Richard Brundle Ca – Basic Spectra Calculated IMFP Values Calibration Checks – Validation Calibration Metals Capture of UHV Gases Carbides Carbon KLL Auger, 2 MB (*.sdp) Carbonates Carbonates from CO2 Careers at TXL CasaXPS Catalyst Surface Catalysts Cd – Basic Spectra Ce – Basic Spectra Ceramics Suppliers Charge Compensation Charge Compensation – Biesinger Charge Control Charge Correction (Referencing) Charge Referencing Charge Referencing Charge Referencing (CS) Charge Referencing Problems Charge-Control Mesh-Screen Charging Charging artifact Cheat-Sheet Chemical Shift Chemical Shifts Chemical State Assignments Chemical State Definition Chemical State Groups, 1 GB (*.vgd) Chemical State Identification – BE Lookup Table – Ag to Zr Chemical State Identification – BE Lookup Table – Ag to Zr Chemical State Peak-fits – Examples Chemical State Spectra Chemical State Spectra – OVERLAYS Chemical State Spectra Peak-fits – Examples Chemical States Chemical States Chemical Suppliers Chemical Suppliers Chemical Treatments Chemical Treatments Chi-Squared Chlorides Circular Dichroism in XPS Cl – Basic Spectra Clean Surface Cleanliness of Surfaces Client Portal Co – Basic Spectra Collections of XPS Spectra Common Difficulties Comparison of Background Types Complex Peak-fits Explained Components ComPro v12 (SASJ) Constrained Peak-fit Consultants Contact TXL Contact TXL Contact TXL Contact TXL Contamination Contamination Contract Analysis Labs Contributing Editors Contributing Editors Contributors Core Hole Lifetimes – FWHM Corrosion Cr – Basic Spectra Creeping Lubricants Crist – Handbooks of Monochromatic XPS Crist – PDF Book of Commercially Pure Metal Oxides Crist – PDF Book of Polymers Crist – PDF Book of RE Oxides, Carbonates, Hydroxides, Sulfides, Nitrides… Crist – PDF Book of Semiconductors Crist – PDF Book of The Elements & Native Oxides Crist – Spectra Handbook – Metal Oxides Crist – Spectra Handbook – The Elements & Native Oxides Crist Empirical IP eSFs – Scofield Base Crist Handbook Series – Parameters Crist Publications for Download Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs Critical Review of NIST XPS BEs Cs – Basic Spectra CSA Standards Cu – Basic Spectra Curve-fitting = Peak-fitting Data Data Collection Settings Data Collection Settings Data Collection Software Data File Formats Data Processing Steps Data Processing Steps Data Quality Data Quality Degradation Degradation Degradation due to Ar+ Ion Etching Degradation due to Flood Gun Electrons Degradation due to X-ray Flux Degradation of Polymers Deposited Gold Deposited Gold Deposited Gold Deposition Methods Depth of Information Depth Profiling Differential Charging DIN Standards DIN Standards Documentary Standards and Guidelines Don Baer (USA) Donation Please Donations Downloads Drawings and Schematics Due to Bremsstrahlung Due to High Vacuum Due to Non-Mono Heat Dy – Basic Spectra EAG-EuroFin Application Notes EAL, Effective Attenuation Length Electron Configuration – Atomic Orbitals Electronic State Info Element Cyclopedia TEMPLATE Element X-pedia TEMPLATE Element XP-Cyclopedia Endpoint Averaging Energy loss peak Energy Resolution Energy Resolution (PE) Environmental XPS Er – Basic Spectra ESCApe Eu – Basic Spectra EULA Examples of Bad Peak-fitting Excited States Expert Members Experts Extending Spectrum Range Benefits Extrinsic Background F – Basic Spectra Fe – Basic Spectra Features Features in Chemical State Spectra Features in Survey Spectra Fermi Edge Fermi Edge (features) FG Effect on Native Oxides Final & Initial States Final State Effects flat-database-2 Flood Gun Effect on Native Oxides Flood Gun on Native Oxides, 1 MB (plots) Flood Gun Optimization & Alignment Flowcharts & Guides Fluorides Free Membership Free Software Free XPS Spectra – Free XPS Software Free XPS Spectra – ISO 14976 Frequently Asked Questions From Auger Signals From Survey Spectra Future for XPS Instrument Sales Future for XPS Instrument Sales Future for XPS Instrument Sales FWHM = Peak-width FWHM = Peak-width FWHM for Peak-fitting Chemical Compounds FWHM for Pure Metals – Mono and Non-Mono FWHM Information FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy (ER) Ga – Basic Spectra Gas Capture of UHV Gases Gas Phase XPS Gas Treatments Gaussian Lorentzian Model Gaussian Lorentzian Models Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios Gd – Basic Spectra Ge – Basic Spectra GI-GO ? GOST-R & RuStandards Graphene Materials Graphs and Charts Groups as Members gtest H – Basic Spectra Handbook Series, 34 MB (*.ISO, *.VMS) Handbooks – XPS Spectra Handbooks of XPS Spectra HAXPES He – Basic Spectra Heat Treatments HER Auger Spectra, 12 MB (*.sdp) Hf – Basic Spectra Hg – Basic Spectra Hidden High BE Endpoint Histogram Plots of NIST BEs Histogram Plots of NIST BEs History of XPS Ho – Basic Spectra Home Page Hydrocarbon Carbon (not for calibration) Hydroxides Hydroxides from Oxides HyperPhysics I – Basic Spectra Imaging – Mapping IMFP & AL IMFP – Metal vs Metal Oxide In – Basic Spectra In-Situ Treatments Index / Site-map Industrial Goods, 67 MB (*.vgd) Industrial Labs Initial & Final States Inside View – Analysis Chamber Instrument Buying Guide Instrument Component Suppliers Instrument Components Instrument Design Instrument Details & Adjustments Instrument Geometries Instrument Makers Instrument Makers Instrument Operation Instrument Service Instrument Training by Maker Instruments Insulator Band Gap Integration Endpoints Interactive Visualizations International Conferences – XPS International XPS Instrument Registry (IXIR) Intrinsic and Extrinsic Losses Intrinsic Signal Ion Beam Etching Ion Etch Rate Films Ion Etch Rate Tables Ion Etched Elements – Capture UHV Gases Ion Etching Ion Etching – Ag, Au, Cu Ion Etching Variables Ir – Basic Spectra ISO 18115-1:2013 XPS Terms ISO BE Standards ISO Standards IXIR IXIR Database ON-LINE σ, SF, ASF, RSF, and e-RSF JEOL – XPS Handbook JIS Standards Job Openings for XPS Job Openings for XPS John Moulder (USA) John T. Grant Journal Editors Journals & Publishers K – Basic Spectra Kateryna Artyushova Knowledge Base Kr – Basic Spectra Kratos – XPS Handbook Kratos Application Notes, etc. Kratos SFs – Scofield SFs until 1995 KSA Standards La – Basic Spectra Landing Page Laser-XPS Legal Witness Li – Basic Spectra Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs Licensing by Membership Lifetime of Clean Surfaces Limits & Weaknesses Linear Background Linear Background Links Links to >700 pages at TXL List of Members Literature Spectra (used as Reference Spectra) Log-In Here Logo’s Lorentzian % – Excessive Lorentzian % – Excessive Lu – Basic Spectra Lubricants Makers Mark C. Biesinger Materials Analysis Methods – List Matthew Linford Member Benefits Metal Oxides – Binary Mg – Basic Spectra Miscellaneous, 60 MB (*.txt) Mn – Basic Spectra Mo – Basic Spectra Molybdates Multi-Pak Multiplet Splitting Multiplet Splitting Multiplet Splitting Multiplet Splitting – 2p – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu Multiplet Splitting – 3s – Orbitals Multiplet Splitting – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu Multiplet Splitting – La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb Multiplet Splitting and BE Shifts Multiplet Splitting Calculated by P. Bagus MultiQuant – XPS My Personal Account N – Basic Spectra Na – Basic Spectra NanoParticle Suppliers National Labs and Research Institutes Native Oxide Spectra – BE of C (1s) ? Native Oxides Native Oxides – Examples Native Oxides FG ON-OFF, 5 MB (*.sdp) Native Oxides, 16 MB, FG OFF (*.vgd) Natural FWHM Natural Oxidation Nb – Basic Spectra Nd – Basic Spectra Ne – Basic Spectra Neal Fairley (UK) Necsa-Bio Polymers, 2 MB (*.mrs) Negligence News Ni – Basic Spectra Niobates NIST BEs Nitrides Noise Noisy Data – Coal Noisy Data – Ni metal O – Basic Spectra Old Links On-Site Professional Teachers On-Site Professional Teachers One Electron Approximation Operating Conditions Original S-Probe, 90 MB (*.mrs) Os – Basic Spectra Our Sponsors Overlaid Chemical State Spectra – Examples Overlapping Doublets – Sulfur Overlapping Peaks Overlapping Peaks Overlapping Peaks Oxidation Treatments P – Basic Spectra Partnerships & Sponsorships Pass Energies: 5-300 eV Paul S. Bagus Pb – Basic Spectra Pd – Basic Spectra PDMS – Silicone Oil Peak Area Ratios – PET Peak Area vs Background Endpoints Peak Base and Top Peak-fit Examples Peak-fit Models Peak-fit Quality Peak-Fit Review Service Peak-fits of Principal Signals – Elements Peak-fitted Spectra Examples Peak-fitting = Curve-fitting Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak – Easy! Peak-fitting Flow-Chart Peak-fitting Guides Peak-fitting Process – Examples Peak-fitting Process – Examples Peak-fitting Results Peak-fitting Variables Peak-shape – Example #1 Peak-shape – Example #1 Peak-Shapes (charging) Peak-Shapes (charging) Peak-Shapes (G, L, V) Peak-Shapes (G, L, V) Peak-Shapes (G, L, V) Peak-Shapes (G, L, V) Performance vs Specification Periodic Table of BEs Periodic Tables Perovskite Suppliers Peroxides PHI – XPS Handbook of Spectra – The Elements PHI – XPS Handbooks PHI Handbook Pages PHI Handbook Spectra, 6 MB (*.spe) Phosphates Photoelectron BE Diagrams Photoemission Process Photos of Samples Physics & Theory Physics of XPS Physics of XPS Plasma Treatments Plasmon Loss Peaks Plasmon Loss Peaks (features) Plasmon or Shake-up – Which? Plots Comparing SFs Polymer Spectra Polymer Suppliers Polymers, 46 MB (*.sdp) Polymers2 Posters & InfoGraphics PPT / PDF Presentations Pr – Basic Spectra Precision Press Center Price for Professional Membership Professional Members Professional Teachers Professors who Donated Pt – Basic Spectra Pt overlaps Al – ratios Publishing XPS Data Publishing XPS Data Publishing XPS Data Publishing XPS Data Publishing XPS Data Publishing XPS Experimental Details – Journals Purchase Professional Membership (US$) Pure Element – Survey Spectra + L Pure Element Spectra – Main Signals Pure Element Spectra – Survey Scans Pure Elements Pure Single Crystal – CaCO3 (Calcite) Quantification – Atom%s Quantification – Atom%s Quantification – Atom%s Quantification – Atom%s Quantum Mechanics of XPS Quases Rare Earth Materials…, 36 MB (*.vgd) Rare Earth Metals – Principle Rare Earth Suppliers Rb – Basic Spectra Re – Basic Spectra Reference Materials Registration Form – IXIR System Reliable BEs ? Reliable Peak-fits ? Repeatability Reproducibility Research Members Rh – Basic Spectra Ru – Basic Spectra S – Basic Spectra s, p, d, f Peak-widths S-Probe, 200 MB (*.mrs, ASCII) Sample (Specimen) Sample (specimen) Handling Sample (specimen) History Sample (specimen) Storage Sample Degradation Sample Mount Charge-up Sample Mounts Sample Prep Equipment Sample Preparation Bench Sample Preparation Methods Sample Size, Shape & Form Satellite Peaks? Sb – Basic Spectra Sb overlaps O – ratios Sc – Basic Spectra Scattering Effects SCE Values Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Crist Modified for Thermo K-Alpha Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Theoretically Calculated – Central Field Potential – SCF Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Thermo Modified SDP_v8 software Se – Basic Spectra Selenides SEM-EDS Information Depth Semiconductor Suppliers Sessa SF Table #6 Shake-up – Cu (2+) vs Cu (1+) Shake-up – pi to pi* Shake-up peaks Shake-up Structures Sherwood & Proctor Background Shirley Background Shirley Background Shop Si – Basic Spectra Signal-to-Noise (S/N) Silicates Silicides Simple Peak-fit Examples Simple Peak-fit Examples 2 Single Crystal Suppliers Single Crystal Suppliers Single Crystals, 240 MB (*.vgd) Single Xtals, 2D, Graphene, Nano, Perovskite SiS Standards Sm – Basic Spectra Smoothing – Bad vs OK Sn – Basic Spectra Software Software Operation Source of Spectra in The XPS Library SpecMaster Pro, 1.8 GB (*.sdp) SpecMaster, 527 MB (*.sdp) Spectra Data Processor (SDP) – 2 yrs Free Spectra Data Processor v7 – Training Videos Spectra Examples Spectra Handbooks Spectra-Bases #1 Spectra-Bases #2 Spin-Orbit Coupling Spin-Orbit Coupling Spin-Orbit Coupling Sr – Basic Spectra SRD 64 Electron Elastic Scattering Cross-Sections SRD 71 Electron IMFP Database SRD 82 Electron EAL Database Standards Statistics Sticking Coefficients Store Strategic Partners Sub-Structure Subscriptions Sulfates Sulfides Sulfides from H2S (air) Summaries of BE Tables – NIST Summaries of BE Tables – NIST Super Coster-Kronig Effect – Ti (2p1) in TiO2 Surface Charging Surface Chemical Reaction Surface Chemistry Surface Contaminants Surface Photo-Chemistry Surface Reactivity Surface Science Western (UWO) Application Notes SurfaceSpectra – XPS Handbook of Polymer Spectra Survey Spectra Examples Sven Tougaard Synchrotron Labs Synchrotrons Synchrotrons for XPS Synthetic Peaks Ta – Basic Spectra Tables & Guides Tb – Basic Spectra Tc – Basic Spectra Te – Basic Spectra Teaching Members Team Technical Support Tellurides Temp Terms & Phrases for XPS Terms of Use Tesla Coil Irradiation Tesla Coil Irradiation Effects TEST Test Page Tests of RSFs Th – Basic Spectra The History of XPS Thermo Application Notes Thermo K-Alpha XPS Thermo’s Modified Scofield SFs Al X-rays Thickness Estimates Ti – Basic Spectra Titanates Tl – Basic Spectra Tm – Basic Spectra ToF-SIMS Information Depth Too Many Peaks – O (1s) – native SiOx Tougaard Backgound Tougaard Background Tougaard Background TPP-2M and IMFPs TPP-2M IMFP Calculator Trace level signals Training & Videos Translate TXL Website to Your Language Translate TXL Website to Your Language Transmission Function Transmission Function Trouble-Shooter Pro Troubleshooting Tungstates TXL #2, 2.0 GB (*.vgd) TXL HQ IP-eSF, 340 MB (*.vgd) TXL Members TXL Misc, 60 MB, (*.vgd) TXL Store TXL Ultimate, 3 GB (*.txt, *.sdp, *.vgd) U – Basic Spectra UHV Gas Capture, 1 MB (3d plots) UKSAF Links Ulvac-PHI Application Notes Ulvac-PHI ASFs Ulvac-PHI ASFs – March 2002 Ulvac-PHI SFs as Plots Unifit University Labs Useful Websites V – Basic Spectra Valence Band Examples Valence Band Spectra – Elements Valence Band, 3 MB (*.txt, *.sdp) Vanadates Vegh Background VG Eclipse Database, 9 MB (*.dts) Vibrational Bands – Gases & Polymers Video of Website Menus Videos of TXL Website Vincent Fernandez Vincent S. Smentkowski (USA) Vocabulary Voigt Peak-shape W – Basic Spectra Wagner Book of XPS BEs (NIST) Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – PHI Modified for 5800 Omni-5 Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – PHI Modified for MultiPak v8 Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – Empirically Defined : F (1s)=1.0 vs C (1s)=1.0 Wagner’s Original ASFs Wall Charts & Wall Posters Website Menus Display Wikipedia – XPS Work Functions of Elements X-pedia for Elements X-ray Beam Alignment X-ray Beam Size X-ray Data Booklet – LBL X-ray Degradation of Polymers, 1 MB (*.sdp) X-ray Energies X-ray Energies X-ray Sources XI – Application Notes XI Sample Spectra XML Site-Map of The XPS Library XPS XPS (.SDP format) 7304 data-sets XPS (.SDP format) 7304 data-sets XPS (.VMS, .ISO, .TXT) 3177 data-sets XPS (.VMS, .ISO, .TXT) 3177 data-sets XPS (.VMS, .ISO, .TXT) 3177 data-sets XPS Basics XPS Basics XPS BE On-line Database – NIST XPS by Element XPS Detection Limit XPS Detection Limits XPS Detection Limits XPS Instrument Manufacturers XPS International Application Notes XPS International Database Websites XPS Job Openings XPS Jobs at XPS Makers XPS Jobs at XPS Makers XPS Journals XPS Labs XPS Labs around the World XPS Library – SEO TERMS XPS Manufacturers who Donated XPS Opportunities at Contract Analysis Labs XPS Papers – NIST XPS Peak-fitting MOVIES XPS Service by TXL XPS Simplified, 14 MB (*.vgd) XPS Spectra & AES Spectra Libraries XPS Theory XPS Training Videos Y – Basic Spectra Yb – Basic Spectra Your Suggestions – Your Ideas to improve TXL Zn – Basic Spectra Zr – Basic Spectra
*** International BE Calibration – Status Reports *** TEMPLATE – 3 column tables ***BE CALIBRATION – RULES ***BE CALIBRATION – RULES **Membership **PEAK-FITTING – FACTS, RULES & GUIDELINES **PEAK-FITTING – FACTS, RULES & GUIDELINES **Plot Examples **Registration FORM **Registration FORM *Accuracy Limits – LiF as example *Free Library Membership *Suggestions *Table of RSFs – Normalized Scofield SFs – Periodic Table TEMPLATE v1 – Periodic Table TEMPLATE v2 2D Materials Suppliers 6 Tables of Sensitivity Factors AAnalyzer Abbe Criterion About The XPS Library Accuracy Ads Advanced Interpretation of XPS Advanced Peak-fitting Examples Advanced XPS Advantages of XPS Adventitious Carbon Adventitious Carbon Adventitious Carbon Advertise Advertising Members AES (.SDP, .NPL, .VMS) 2281 data-sets AES (.SDP, .NPL, .VMS) 2281 data-sets AFNOR Standards Ag – Basic Spectra Al – Basic Spectra Alberto Herrera Gomez Alloy & Stainless Steel Samples Kit amCharts v4 test Anatomy / Features of Chemical State Spectra Anatomy / Features of Survey Spectra Angels who Donated Anti-Static, Anti-Caking Application Notes Application Notes © Application Notes from Makers Applications Ar – Basic Spectra AR-XPS As – Basic Spectra Assigning Chemical States ASTM Standards Asymmetric tail Asymmetry Atom% & Shake-up Atom% gives Empirical Formula Au – Basic Spectra Auger (AES) Information Depth Auger Parameter Auger Signals Auger Spectra from XPS – Examples Avantage AVS Training Courses © 2019, Copyrights B – Basic Spectra B. Vincent Crist B. Vincent Crist – CEO Background Background – Active Fitting Background baseline Background bulge Background Endpoints Background Endpoints Background Noise Background Shapes for Peak-fitting Background Shapes for Peak-fitting Background Subtraction-Removal Background Type – Shirley or Linear Background Width Bad Data Bad Peak-fits Bad Peak-fits Explained Bad Peak-fits Explained Bad Peak-fits Published in Journals – Explained Bad Peak-fitting Example Bad Peak-fitting Example – Ni (2p3) Bad Peak-fitting or Good Peak-fitting Bad Survey Spectra Bagus Papers BAM Standards Band Gaps Band Gaps from Spectra Baselines for Peak-fitting (S, L, T) Be – Basic Spectra BE Calibration – History BE Calibration Values BE Lookup Table BE RELIABILITY – VITAL BE Reliability Problem BE Scale Calibration BE Table – Atomic # Order BE Tables Beam Alignment Benefits Bi – Basic Spectra bi-Carbonates Biesinger SFs Binary Oxides, 46 MB (*.sdp) Binding Energy (BE) Scale Calibration Blog Books Borates Borides Br – Basic Spectra BSI Standards Bubble Chart for Peak-fitting C – Basic Spectra C. Richard Brundle C. Richard Brundle Ca – Basic Spectra Calculated IMFP Values Calibration Checks – Validation Calibration Metals Capture of UHV Gases Carbides Carbon KLL Auger, 2 MB (*.sdp) Carbonates Carbonates from CO2 Careers at TXL CasaXPS Catalyst Surface Catalysts Cd – Basic Spectra Ce – Basic Spectra Ceramics Suppliers Charge Compensation Charge Compensation – Biesinger Charge Control Charge Correction (Referencing) Charge Referencing Charge Referencing Charge Referencing (CS) Charge Referencing Problems Charge-Control Mesh-Screen Charging Charging artifact Cheat-Sheet Chemical Shift Chemical Shifts Chemical State Assignments Chemical State Definition Chemical State Groups, 1 GB (*.vgd) Chemical State Identification – BE Lookup Table – Ag to Zr Chemical State Identification – BE Lookup Table – Ag to Zr Chemical State Peak-fits – Examples Chemical State Spectra Chemical State Spectra – OVERLAYS Chemical State Spectra Peak-fits – Examples Chemical States Chemical States Chemical Suppliers Chemical Suppliers Chemical Treatments Chemical Treatments Chi-Squared Chlorides Circular Dichroism in XPS Cl – Basic Spectra Clean Surface Cleanliness of Surfaces Client Portal Co – Basic Spectra Collections of XPS Spectra Common Difficulties Comparison of Background Types Complex Peak-fits Explained Components ComPro v12 (SASJ) Constrained Peak-fit Consultants Contact TXL Contact TXL Contact TXL Contact TXL Contamination Contamination Contract Analysis Labs Contributing Editors Contributing Editors Contributors Core Hole Lifetimes – FWHM Corrosion Cr – Basic Spectra Creeping Lubricants Crist – Handbooks of Monochromatic XPS Crist – PDF Book of Commercially Pure Metal Oxides Crist – PDF Book of Polymers Crist – PDF Book of RE Oxides, Carbonates, Hydroxides, Sulfides, Nitrides… Crist – PDF Book of Semiconductors Crist – PDF Book of The Elements & Native Oxides Crist – Spectra Handbook – Metal Oxides Crist – Spectra Handbook – The Elements & Native Oxides Crist Empirical IP eSFs – Scofield Base Crist Handbook Series – Parameters Crist Publications for Download Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs Critical Review of NIST XPS BEs Cs – Basic Spectra CSA Standards Cu – Basic Spectra Curve-fitting = Peak-fitting Data Data Collection Settings Data Collection Settings Data Collection Software Data File Formats Data Processing Steps Data Processing Steps Data Quality Data Quality Degradation Degradation Degradation due to Ar+ Ion Etching Degradation due to Flood Gun Electrons Degradation due to X-ray Flux Degradation of Polymers Deposited Gold Deposited Gold Deposited Gold Deposition Methods Depth of Information Depth Profiling Differential Charging DIN Standards DIN Standards Documentary Standards and Guidelines Don Baer (USA) Donation Please Donations Downloads Drawings and Schematics Due to Bremsstrahlung Due to High Vacuum Due to Non-Mono Heat Dy – Basic Spectra EAG-EuroFin Application Notes EAL, Effective Attenuation Length Electron Configuration – Atomic Orbitals Electronic State Info Element Cyclopedia TEMPLATE Element X-pedia TEMPLATE Element XP-Cyclopedia Endpoint Averaging Energy loss peak Energy Resolution Energy Resolution (PE) Environmental XPS Er – Basic Spectra ESCApe Eu – Basic Spectra EULA Examples of Bad Peak-fitting Excited States Expert Members Experts Extending Spectrum Range Benefits Extrinsic Background F – Basic Spectra Fe – Basic Spectra Features Features in Chemical State Spectra Features in Survey Spectra Fermi Edge Fermi Edge (features) FG Effect on Native Oxides Final & Initial States Final State Effects flat-database-2 Flood Gun Effect on Native Oxides Flood Gun on Native Oxides, 1 MB (plots) Flood Gun Optimization & Alignment Flowcharts & Guides Fluorides Free Membership Free Software Free XPS Spectra – Free XPS Software Free XPS Spectra – ISO 14976 Frequently Asked Questions From Auger Signals From Survey Spectra Future for XPS Instrument Sales Future for XPS Instrument Sales Future for XPS Instrument Sales FWHM = Peak-width FWHM = Peak-width FWHM for Peak-fitting Chemical Compounds FWHM for Pure Metals – Mono and Non-Mono FWHM Information FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy (ER) Ga – Basic Spectra Gas Capture of UHV Gases Gas Phase XPS Gas Treatments Gaussian Lorentzian Model Gaussian Lorentzian Models Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios Gd – Basic Spectra Ge – Basic Spectra GI-GO ? GOST-R & RuStandards Graphene Materials Graphs and Charts Groups as Members gtest H – Basic Spectra Handbook Series, 34 MB (*.ISO, *.VMS) Handbooks – XPS Spectra Handbooks of XPS Spectra HAXPES He – Basic Spectra Heat Treatments HER Auger Spectra, 12 MB (*.sdp) Hf – Basic Spectra Hg – Basic Spectra Hidden High BE Endpoint Histogram Plots of NIST BEs Histogram Plots of NIST BEs History of XPS Ho – Basic Spectra Home Page Hydrocarbon Carbon (not for calibration) Hydroxides Hydroxides from Oxides HyperPhysics I – Basic Spectra Imaging – Mapping IMFP & AL IMFP – Metal vs Metal Oxide In – Basic Spectra In-Situ Treatments Index / Site-map Industrial Goods, 67 MB (*.vgd) Industrial Labs Initial & Final States Inside View – Analysis Chamber Instrument Buying Guide Instrument Component Suppliers Instrument Components Instrument Design Instrument Details & Adjustments Instrument Geometries Instrument Makers Instrument Makers Instrument Operation Instrument Service Instrument Training by Maker Instruments Insulator Band Gap Integration Endpoints Interactive Visualizations International Conferences – XPS International XPS Instrument Registry (IXIR) Intrinsic and Extrinsic Losses Intrinsic Signal Ion Beam Etching Ion Etch Rate Films Ion Etch Rate Tables Ion Etched Elements – Capture UHV Gases Ion Etching Ion Etching – Ag, Au, Cu Ion Etching Variables Ir – Basic Spectra ISO 18115-1:2013 XPS Terms ISO BE Standards ISO Standards IXIR IXIR Database ON-LINE σ, SF, ASF, RSF, and e-RSF JEOL – XPS Handbook JIS Standards Job Openings for XPS Job Openings for XPS John Moulder (USA) John T. Grant Journal Editors Journals & Publishers K – Basic Spectra Kateryna Artyushova Knowledge Base Kr – Basic Spectra Kratos – XPS Handbook Kratos Application Notes, etc. Kratos SFs – Scofield SFs until 1995 KSA Standards La – Basic Spectra Landing Page Laser-XPS Legal Witness Li – Basic Spectra Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs Licensing by Membership Lifetime of Clean Surfaces Limits & Weaknesses Linear Background Linear Background Links Links to >700 pages at TXL List of Members Literature Spectra (used as Reference Spectra) Log-In Here Logo’s Lorentzian % – Excessive Lorentzian % – Excessive Lu – Basic Spectra Lubricants Makers Mark C. Biesinger Materials Analysis Methods – List Matthew Linford Member Benefits Metal Oxides – Binary Mg – Basic Spectra Miscellaneous, 60 MB (*.txt) Mn – Basic Spectra Mo – Basic Spectra Molybdates Multi-Pak Multiplet Splitting Multiplet Splitting Multiplet Splitting Multiplet Splitting – 2p – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu Multiplet Splitting – 3s – Orbitals Multiplet Splitting – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu Multiplet Splitting – La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb Multiplet Splitting and BE Shifts Multiplet Splitting Calculated by P. Bagus MultiQuant – XPS My Personal Account N – Basic Spectra Na – Basic Spectra NanoParticle Suppliers National Labs and Research Institutes Native Oxide Spectra – BE of C (1s) ? Native Oxides Native Oxides – Examples Native Oxides FG ON-OFF, 5 MB (*.sdp) Native Oxides, 16 MB, FG OFF (*.vgd) Natural FWHM Natural Oxidation Nb – Basic Spectra Nd – Basic Spectra Ne – Basic Spectra Neal Fairley (UK) Necsa-Bio Polymers, 2 MB (*.mrs) Negligence News Ni – Basic Spectra Niobates NIST BEs Nitrides Noise Noisy Data – Coal Noisy Data – Ni metal O – Basic Spectra Old Links On-Site Professional Teachers On-Site Professional Teachers One Electron Approximation Operating Conditions Original S-Probe, 90 MB (*.mrs) Os – Basic Spectra Our Sponsors Overlaid Chemical State Spectra – Examples Overlapping Doublets – Sulfur Overlapping Peaks Overlapping Peaks Overlapping Peaks Oxidation Treatments P – Basic Spectra Partnerships & Sponsorships Pass Energies: 5-300 eV Paul S. Bagus Pb – Basic Spectra Pd – Basic Spectra PDMS – Silicone Oil Peak Area Ratios – PET Peak Area vs Background Endpoints Peak Base and Top Peak-fit Examples Peak-fit Models Peak-fit Quality Peak-Fit Review Service Peak-fits of Principal Signals – Elements Peak-fitted Spectra Examples Peak-fitting = Curve-fitting Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak – Easy! Peak-fitting Flow-Chart Peak-fitting Guides Peak-fitting Process – Examples Peak-fitting Process – Examples Peak-fitting Results Peak-fitting Variables Peak-shape – Example #1 Peak-shape – Example #1 Peak-Shapes (charging) Peak-Shapes (charging) Peak-Shapes (G, L, V) Peak-Shapes (G, L, V) Peak-Shapes (G, L, V) Peak-Shapes (G, L, V) Performance vs Specification Periodic Table of BEs Periodic Tables Perovskite Suppliers Peroxides PHI – XPS Handbook of Spectra – The Elements PHI – XPS Handbooks PHI Handbook Pages PHI Handbook Spectra, 6 MB (*.spe) Phosphates Photoelectron BE Diagrams Photoemission Process Photos of Samples Physics & Theory Physics of XPS Physics of XPS Plasma Treatments Plasmon Loss Peaks Plasmon Loss Peaks (features) Plasmon or Shake-up – Which? 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