Plasmon or Shake-up – Which?

Plasmon or Shake-up – Which is it?

Plasmons are due to phonon-electron interactions.

Plasmons occur in conductive materials, not insulators.

Plasmons occur within the near bulk and top surface.

Shake-ups are due to an valence electron promoted to higher state followed a photoelectron emission while the electron is in the higher state.

Shake-up can be 20-30 eV higher in BE.