• XPS SPECTRA
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  • Accuracy Limits – LiF as example
  • Anatomy / Features of Chemical State Spectra
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  • Chemical State Peak-fits – Examples
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  • Flood Gun Effect on Native Oxides
  • Free XPS Spectra – ISO 14976
  • FWHM for Peak-fitting Chemical Compounds
  • Gas Phase XPS
  • Ion Etched Elements – Capture UHV Gases
  • Literature Spectra (Reference Spectra)
  • Multiplet Splitting – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu
  • Native Oxides – Examples
  • Native Oxide Spectra – BEs of C (1s) ?
  • Polymer Spectra
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    • Thermo K-Alpha XPS
  • Survey Spectra – Examples
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    • Valence Band – Examples
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• Background
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• BE Calibration
  • *** BE CALIBRATION – RULES
  • BE Calibration Values
  • BE Calibration – History
  • BE Reliability Problem
  • Calibration Checks – Validation
  • Calibration Metals
  • Deposited Gold
  • Fermi Edge
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  • Ion Etching – Ag, Au, Cu
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• BE Tables
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• Charging
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  • Charge Control
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  • Charge Referencing
    • Charge Correction – M. Beisinger
  • Charge Referencing Problems
  • Deposited Gold
  • Differential Charging
  • Flood Gun Optimization & Alignment
  • Peak-Shapes (charging)
• Chemical States
  • Adventitious Carbon
  • Assigning Chemical States
  • BE Lookup Table
  • Charge Referencing
  • Chemical Shifts
  • Chemical State Definition
  • Chemical State Identification Tables – Ag to Zr
  • Chemical State Spectra
  • Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
  • Deposited Gold
  • Energy Resolution – 2
  • From Auger Signals
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  • Hydrocarbon Carbon (not calibration)
  • Multiplet Splitting and BE Shifts
  • Multiplet Splitting
  • Overlaid Spectra – Examples
  • Overlapping Peaks
  • Pass Energies: 5-300 eV
  • Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Data
  • Bad Data
  • Bad Peak-fit Example
  • Bad Survey Spectra
  • Cheat-Sheet
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  • Statistics
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• Data Quality
  • **BE CALIBRATION – RULES
  • **Peak-Fitting – Facts, Rules & Guides
  • Accuracy
  • Bad Peak-fits
  • BE Scale Calibration
  • Chemical State Assignments
  • Energy Resolution (PE)
  • FWHMs – Peak-widths
  • GI-GO ?
  • Peak-fitting Results
  • Precision
  • RELIABILITY
  • Reliable BEs ?
  • Reliable Peak-fits ?
  • Repeatability
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  • Responsible
  • Signal-to-Noise (S/N)
• Features
  • Asymmetric tail
  • Auger Signals
  • Background baseline
  • Background bulge
  • Background noise
  • Background shapes for peak-fitting
  • Band Gaps from Spectra
  • Charging artifact
  • Chemical shift
  • Chemical state
  • Degradation
  • Energy loss peak
  • Fermi edge
  • Gaussian Lorentzian Peak-shapes
  • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Losses
  • Multiplet splitting
  • Noise
  • Overlapping peaks
  • Peak-shapes (G, L, V)
  • Plasmon loss peaks
  • Plasmon or Shake-up – Which?
  • Satellite Peaks?
  • Shake-up peaks
  • Spin-Orbit coupling
  • Trace level signals
  • Voigt Peak-shape
• FWHM Info
  • Core-Hole Lifetimes
  • Energy Resolution
  • FWHM for Peak-fitting Chemical Compounds
  • FWHM for Pure Metals – Mono and Non-Mono
  • FWHM vs Pass Energy
  • FWHM = Peak-width = Core-Hole Lifetime
  • Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios
  • Natural FWHM
  • Pass Energies: 5-300 eV
  • Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
  • Peak-Shape Tails
  • Peak-Shape Fit Example
  • s, p, d, f Peak-widths
  • X-ray Energies
• Peak-fit Models
  • *Peak-Fit Review Service – Free
  • Asymmetry – Al (2p) metal
  • Background Types
    • Endpoints & Averaging
    • Linear Background
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  • Bad vs Good Peak-fits Explained
  • Bad Peak-fits Published in Journals– Explained
  • Bad Peak-fitting Example – Ni (2p3)
  • Complex Peak-fits Explained
  • Gaussian Lorentzian Models
  • Multiplet Splitting – 3s – orbitals
  • Multiplet Splitting – 2p – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu
  • Multiplet Splitting – Rare Earths
  • Multiplet Splitting Calculated by P. Bagus
  • Noisy Data – Coal
  • Noisy Data – Ni metal
  • Overlapping Doublets – Sulfur
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  • Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
  • Peak-Shapes – Example #1
  • Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak
  • Peak Area Ratios – PET C (1s)
  • Pt overlaps Al – ratios
  • Pure Single Crystal – CaCO3 (Calcite)
  • Sb overlaps O – ratios
  • Shake-up – Metals
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  • Smoothing – Bad vs OK
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  • Which Peak-fit is Bad or Good ??
• Peak-fitting
  • **Peak-fitting – Facts, Rules & Guides
  • **Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak – Easy!
  • **Peak-fitting MOVIES
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  • Abbe Criterion
  • Advanced Peak-fitting Examples
  • Background Endpoints
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  • Bad Peak-fits Explained
  • BEs & FWHMs – Tables
  • Bubble Chart for Peak-fitting
  • Chemical State Spectra Peak-fits – Examples
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  • Energy Resolution – 2
  • FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy
  • Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios
  • Multiplet Splitting
  • Overlapping Peaks
  • Pass Energies: 5-300 eV
  • Peak Area vs Background Endpoints
  • Peak-fit Quality
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  • Peak-fitting Variables
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  • Atom% gives Empirical Formula
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  • XPS Simplified, 14 MB (*.vgd)
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  • Crist – Vol 1 – The Elements & Native Oxides
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Deposition Methods

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Deposition MethodsB Vincent Crist2019-07-20T14:39:27-07:00

Deposition Methods