Chemical Shift Factors

Internal shifts
alpha-effects
beta-effects
Electronegativity
Hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3)
Configuration interaction
Chemical state vs Oxidation state
Polarization

 

Typical 1 eV Chemical Shift Phenomenon for C (1s) and Si (2p) Chemical States

 

 

 

 

Chemical Shifts for C (1s) in Polymers

 

 

 

 

Chemical Shifts for Si (2p) in Silicon Materials

 

 

 

Subtle Differences in BE Shifts can be Measured using XPS – Example