Physics of XPS

” X-rays IN  –  Electrons OUT “

 

XPS gives information (data) from the top 1-10 nm (0.01 um) of the surface of a solid sample.

 

 

 

XPS uses the Photoelectric Effect

 

 

 

The Photoelectric Effect produces Photoelectrons

 

 

 

The Photoelectrons produce XPS Spectra

 

 

 

 

A Schematic View of the Photoelectric Effect and

the Photoelectrons that Escape into the Vacuum of the XPS Instrument

 

How are Monochromatic X-rays Produced?