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Spectra Examples
Accuracy Limits – LiF as example
Anatomy / Features of Chemical State Spectra
Anatomy / Features of Survey Spectra
Chemical State Peak-fits – Examples
Chemical State Spectra – Overlays
Flood Gun Effect on Native Oxides
FWHM for Peak-fitting Chemical Compounds
Gas Phase XPS
Ion Etched Elements – Capture UHV Gases
Literature Spectra (Reference Spectra)
Multiplet Splitting – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu
Native Oxides – Examples
Native Oxide Spectra – BEs of C (1s) ?
Polymer Spectra
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Valence Band – Examples
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*** BE CALIBRATION – RULES
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ISO BE Standards
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BE Table – Atomic # Order
Chemical State Identification – AgCl -ZrO2
Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
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Summaries of NIST BEs
Charging
Adventitious Carbon
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Charge Compensation – M. Biesinger
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Charge Referencing Problems
Deposited Gold
Differential Charging
Flood Gun Optimization & Alignment
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Chemical States
Adventitious Carbon
Assigning Chemical States
BE Lookup Table
Charge Referencing
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Chemical State Spectra
Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
Deposited Gold
Energy Resolution – 2
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Multiplet Splitting
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Overlapping Peaks
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Bad Peak-fit Example
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Background Types
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Bad Peak-fitting Example – Ni (2p3)
Complex Peak-fits Explained
Gaussian Lorentzian Models
Multiplet Splitting – 3s – orbitals
Multiplet Splitting – 2p – Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu
Multiplet Splitting – Rare Earths
Multiplet Splitting Calculated by P. Bagus
Noisy Data – Coal
Noisy Data – Ni metal
Overlapping Doublets – Sulfur
Peak Base and Top
Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
Peak-Shapes – Example #1
Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak
Peak Area Ratios – PET C (1s)
Pt overlaps Al – ratios
Pure Single Crystal – CaCO3 (Calcite)
Sb overlaps O – ratios
Shake-up – Metals
Shake-up – Organics
Smoothing – Bad vs OK
Super Coster-Kronig Effect
Synthetic Peaks
Too Many Peaks – O (1s) – native SiOx
Vibrational Bands – PE & PP
Which Peak-fit is Bad or Good ??
Peak-fitting
**Peak-fitting – Facts, Rules & Guides
**Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak – Easy!
**Peak-fitting MOVIES
**Plot Examples
Abbe Criterion
Advanced Peak-fitting Examples
Background Endpoints
Background Shapes for Peak-fitting
Bad Peak-fits Explained
BEs & FWHMs – Tables
Bubble Chart for Peak-fitting
Chemical State Spectra Peak-fits – Examples
Chi-Squared
Constrained Peak-fit
Curve-fitting = Peak-fitting
Energy Resolution – 2
FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy
Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios
Multiplet Splitting
Overlapping Peaks
Pass Energies: 5-300 eV
Peak Area vs Background Endpoints
Peak-fit Quality
Peak-fitting Flow-Chart
Peak-fitting Guides
Peak-fitting Process – Examples
Peak-fitting Variables
Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
Shirley Background
Simple Peak-fit Examples
Tougaard Background
Quantification %s
*Accuracy Limits – LiF as example
*Quantification – Atom%s
Atom% gives Empirical Formula
.Background
Calculated IMFPs, Scattering & Photoemission
EAL – Effective Attenuation Length
IMFP – Metal vs Metal Oxide
Integration Endpoints
Linear Background
Shirley Background
Tougaard Background
XPS Detection Limits
Sample
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In-Situ Treatments
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Depth Profiling
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Experimental Details
Excited States
Final & Initial States
HAXPES
IMFP & AL
Imaging – Mapping
Initial & Final States
Ion Etch Rate Films
Ion Etch Rate Tables
Koster-Kronig Effect – Ti (2p1) in TiO2
Laser-XPS
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Photoemission Process
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Quantum Mechanics of XPS
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XPS Theory
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σ, SF, ASF, & RSF
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Beisinger SFs – Wagner e-ASFs variation
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Kratos SFs – 1990 – Scofield
Plots Comparing SFs
Plots of Ulvac PHI e-ASFs
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Thermo SFs – Scofield RSFs
Test of Scofield SFs
Ulvac-PHI e-ASFs – March 2002 – Wagner
Ulvac-PHI e-ASFs – Wagner variation
Wagner’s Original e-ASFs
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Spectra-Bases #1-4
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Spectra-Collections
Binary Oxides, 46 MB (*.sdp)
Carbon KLL Auger, 2 MB (*.sdp)
Chemical State Groups, 1 GB (*.vgd)
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Handbook Series, 34 MB (*.iso, *.vms)
HER Auger Spectra, 12 MB (*.sdp)
Industrial Goods, 67 MB (*.vgd)
Miscellaneous, 60 MB (*.txt)
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PHI Handbook Spectra, 6 MB (*.spe)
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X-ray Degradation of Polymers, 1 MB (*.sdp)
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Spectra PDF-books
Crist – Vol 1 – The Elements & Native Oxides
Crist – Vol 2 – Commercially Pure Metal Oxides
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.BE Scale Calibration
B Vincent Crist PhD
2025-11-24T23:54:27-08:00
Reliability of BE Scale Calibration
Who is responsible?
BE Scale Calibration
Who is responsible?
Toggle Sliding Bar Area
List of All Pages in The XPS Library
*** International BE Calibration – Status Reports
*** TEMPLATE – 3 column tables
***BE CALIBRATION – RULES
***BE CALIBRATION – RULES
**PEAK-FITTING – FACTS, RULES & GUIDELINES
**PEAK-FITTING – FACTS, RULES & GUIDELINES
**Plot Examples
*Accuracy Limits – LiF as example
*COPYRIGHTS RESERVED
*Suggestions
*Table of RSFs – Normalized Scofield SFs
..NIST-BEs..
.Application Notes
.Background
.BE Scale Calibration
.BE Tables
.Binding Energy (BE) Scale Calibration
.Charge Control
.Charge Referencing
.Charging
.Chemical States
.Chemical States
.Data
.Data Quality
.Data Quality
.Degradation
.Degradation
.Depth of Information
.Experts
.Features
.FWHM Information
.Instrument Makers
.Instrument Service
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.σ, SF, ASF, RSF, and e-RSF
.Makers
.Peak-fit Models
.Peak-fitting = Curve-fitting
.Posters & InfoGraphics
.PURCHASE PAGE
.Quantification – Atom%s
.Sample (Specimen)
.Software
.Spectra Handbooks
.Spectra-Bases #2
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.Survey Spectra Examples
.True Home
.True Home w Full Menu
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.XPS
.XPS Basics
.XPS Labs
2D Materials Suppliers
6 Tables of Sensitivity Factors
AAnalyzer
Abbe Criterion
About The XPS Library
Accuracy
Addify add to quote
Ads
Advanced Interpretation of XPS
Advanced Peak-fitting Examples
Advanced XPS
Advantages of XPS
Adventitious Carbon
Adventitious Carbon
Adventitious Carbon
AES (.SDP, .NPL, .VMS) 2281 data-sets
AES (.SDP, .NPL, .VMS) 2281 data-sets
AFNOR Standards
Ag – Basic Spectra
Al – Basic Spectra
Alberto Herrera Gomez
Alloy & Stainless Steel Samples Kit
amCharts v4 test
Anatomy / Features of Chemical State Spectra
Anatomy / Features of Survey Spectra
Angels who Donated
Anti-Static, Anti-Caking
Application Notes ©
Application Notes from Makers
Applications
Ar – Basic Spectra
AR-XPS
As – Basic Spectra
Assigning Chemical States
ASTM Standards
Asymmetric tail
Asymmetry
Atom% & Shake-up
Atom% gives Empirical Formula
Au – Basic Spectra
Auger (AES) Information Depth
Auger Parameter
Auger Signals
Auger Spectra from XPS – Examples
Avantage
AVS Training Courses
© 2019, Copyrights
B – Basic Spectra
B. Vincent Crist
B. Vincent Crist – Founder
Background – Active Fitting
Background baseline
Background bulge
Background Endpoints
Background Endpoints
Background Noise
Background Shapes for Peak-fitting
Background Shapes for Peak-fitting
Background Subtraction-Removal
Background Type – Shirley or Linear
Background Width
Bad Data
Bad Peak-fits
Bad Peak-fits Explained
Bad Peak-fits Explained
Bad Peak-fits Published in Journals – Explained
Bad Peak-fitting Example
Bad Peak-fitting Example – Ni (2p3)
Bad Peak-fitting or Good Peak-fitting
Bad Survey Spectra
Bagus Papers
BAM Standards
Band Gaps
Band Gaps from Spectra
Baselines for Peak-fitting (S, L, T)
Be – Basic Spectra
BE Calibration – History
BE Calibration Values
BE Lookup Table
BE RELIABILITY – VITAL
BE Reliability Problem
BE Table – Atomic # Order
Beam Alignment
Bi – Basic Spectra
bi-Carbonates
Biesinger SFs
Binary Oxides, 46 MB (*.sdp)
Block WooCommerce Plugins
Books
Borates
Borides
Br – Basic Spectra
BSI Standards
Bubble Chart for Peak-fitting
C – Basic Spectra
C. Richard Brundle
C. Richard Brundle
Ca – Basic Spectra
Calculated IMFP Values
Calibration Checks – Validation
Calibration Metals
Capture of UHV Gases
Carbides
Carbon KLL Auger, 2 MB (*.sdp)
Carbonates
Carbonates from CO2
Cart
CasaXPS
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Catalysts
Cd – Basic Spectra
Ce – Basic Spectra
Ceramics Suppliers
Charge Compensation
Charge Compensation – Biesinger
Charge Correction
Charge Correction (Referencing)
Charge Referencing (CS)
Charge Referencing Problems
Charge-Control Mesh-Screen
Charging artifact
Cheat-Sheet
Checkout
Chemical Shift
Chemical Shifts
Chemical State Assignments
Chemical State Definition
Chemical State Groups, 1 GB (*.vgd)
Chemical State Identification – BE Lookup Table – Ag to Zr
Chemical State Identification – BE Lookup Table – Ag to Zr
Chemical State Peak-fits – Examples
Chemical State Spectra
Chemical State Spectra – OVERLAYS
Chemical State Spectra Peak-fits – Examples
Chemical Suppliers
Chemical Suppliers
Chemical Treatments
Chemical Treatments
Chi-Squared
Chlorides
Circular Dichroism in XPS
Cl – Basic Spectra
Clean Surface
Cleanliness of Surfaces
Client Portal
Co – Basic Spectra
Collections of XPS Spectra
Common Difficulties
Comparison of Background Types
Complex Peak-fits Explained
Components
ComPro v12 (SASJ)
Constrained Peak-fit
Consultants
Contamination
Contamination
Contract Analysis Labs
Contributing Editors
Contributing Editors
Contributors
Core Hole Lifetimes – FWHM
Corrosion
Cr – Basic Spectra
Creeping Lubricants
Crist – Handbooks of Monochromatic XPS
Crist – PDF Book of Semiconductors
Crist – PDF Book of The Elements & Native Oxides
Crist – Spectra Handbook – Metal Oxides
Crist – Spectra Handbook – The Elements & Native Oxides
Crist Empirical IP eSFs – Scofield Base
Crist Handbook Series – Parameters
Crist Publications for Download
Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
Crist Table of BEs & FWHMs
Critical Review of NIST XPS BEs
Cs – Basic Spectra
CSA Standards
Cu – Basic Spectra
Curve-fitting = Peak-fitting
Customer Onboarding Login Registration
Data Collection Settings
Data Collection Settings
Data Collection Software
Data File Formats
Data Processing Steps
Data Processing Steps
Databases of BE numbers
Degradation due to Ar+ Ion Etching
Degradation due to Flood Gun Electrons
Degradation due to X-ray Flux
Degradation of Polymers
demonstration
Deposited Gold
Deposited Gold
Deposited Gold
Deposition Methods
Depth Profiling
Differential Charging
DIN Standards
DIN Standards
Documentary Standards and Guidelines
Downloads
Drawings and Schematics
Due to Bremsstrahlung
Due to High Vacuum
Due to Non-Mono Heat
Dy – Basic Spectra
EAG-EuroFin Application Notes
EAL, Effective Attenuation Length
Electron Configuration – Atomic Orbitals
Electronic State Info
Element Cyclopedia TEMPLATE
Element X-pedia TEMPLATE
Endpoint Averaging
Energy loss peak
Energy Resolution
Energy Resolution (PE)
Enter My Billing Address
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Environmental XPS
Er – Basic Spectra
ESCApe
Eu – Basic Spectra
EULA
Examples of Bad Peak-fitting
Excited States
Extending Spectrum Range Benefits
Extrinsic Background
F – Basic Spectra
Fe – Basic Spectra
Features in Chemical State Spectra
Features in Survey Spectra
Fermi Edge
Fermi Edge (features)
FG Effect on Native Oxides
Final & Initial States
Final State Effects
flat-database-2
Flood Gun Effect on Native Oxides
Flood Gun on Native Oxides, 1 MB (plots)
Flood Gun Optimization & Alignment
Flowcharts & Guides
Fluorides
Free Membership – 1 day
Free Software
Free XPS Spectra – ISO 14976
Frequently Asked Questions
From Auger Signals
From Survey Spectra
Future for XPS Instrument Sales
Future for XPS Instrument Sales
Future for XPS Instrument Sales
FWHM = Peak-width
FWHM = Peak-width
FWHM for Peak-fitting Chemical Compounds
FWHM for Pure Metals – Mono and Non-Mono
FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy
FWHM Peak-width vs Pass Energy (ER)
Ga – Basic Spectra
Gas Capture of UHV Gases
Gas Phase XPS
Gas Treatments
Gaussian Lorentzian Model
Gaussian Lorentzian Models
Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios
Gaussian-Lorentzian Ratios
Gd – Basic Spectra
Ge – Basic Spectra
GI-GO ?
GOST-R & RuStandards
Graphene Materials
Graphs and Charts
gtest
H – Basic Spectra
Handbook Series, 34 MB (*.ISO, *.VMS)
Handbooks – XPS Spectra
Handbooks of XPS Spectra
HAXPES
He – Basic Spectra
Heat Treatments
HER Auger Spectra, 12 MB (*.sdp)
Hf – Basic Spectra
Hg – Basic Spectra
Hidden – Grant
High BE Endpoint
Histogram Plots of NIST BEs
Histogram Plots of NIST BEs
History of XPS
Ho – Basic Spectra
Home with NO links
Home-Test
Hydrocarbon Carbon (not for calibration)
Hydroxides
Hydroxides from Oxides
HyperPhysics
HyperPhysics
I – Basic Spectra
Images of 45 True Menus
Imaging – Mapping
IMFP & AL
IMFP – Metal vs Metal Oxide
In – Basic Spectra
In-Situ Treatments
Industrial Goods, 67 MB (*.vgd)
Industrial Labs
Initial & Final States
Inside View – Analysis Chamber
Installation Screen for SDP
Instrument Buying Guide
Instrument Component Suppliers
Instrument Components
Instrument Design
Instrument Details & Adjustments
Instrument Geometries
Instrument Makers
Instrument Operation
Instrument Training by Maker
Insulator Band Gap
Integration Endpoints
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International Conferences – XPS
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N – Basic Spectra
Na – Basic Spectra
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Native Oxide Spectra – BE of C (1s) ?
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Native Oxides – Examples
Native Oxides FG ON-OFF, 5 MB (*.sdp)
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Natural FWHM
Natural Oxidation
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Nd – Basic Spectra
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Neal Fairley (UK)
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Ni – Basic Spectra
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Original S-Probe, 90 MB (*.mrs)
Os – Basic Spectra
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P – Basic Spectra
Partnerships & Sponsorships
Pass Energies: 5-300 eV
Paul S. Bagus
Pb – Basic Spectra
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PDF Book of Polymers – Vol 4
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PDF HandBook of Commercially Pure Metal Oxides – Vol 2
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PDMS – Silicone Oil
Peak Area Ratios – PET
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Peak-fitting a Single O (1s) Peak
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peak-fitting of spectra
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Peak-fitting Process – Examples
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Peak-shape – Example #1
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Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
Peak-Shapes (G, L, V)
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Polymers, 46 MB (*.sdp)
Polymers2
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Pr – Basic Spectra
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Pt – Basic Spectra
Pt overlaps Al – ratios
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Quantification – Atom%s
Quantification – Atom%s
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Rare Earth Materials…, 36 MB (*.vgd)
Rare Earth Metals – Principle
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Rb – Basic Spectra
Re – Basic Spectra
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Rh – Basic Spectra
Ru – Basic Spectra
S – Basic Spectra
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Sb – Basic Spectra
Sb overlaps O – ratios
Sc – Basic Spectra
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Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Crist Modified for Thermo K-Alpha
Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Theoretically Calculated – Central Field Potential – SCF
Scofield SFs – Al X-rays – Thermo Modified
SDP v8 software
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Se – Basic Spectra
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Sessa
SF Table #6
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Shake-up – pi to pi*
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Si – Basic Spectra
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Simple Peak-fit Examples 2
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Single Crystals, 240 MB (*.vgd)
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SiS Standards
Sm – Basic Spectra
Smoothing – Bad vs OK
Sn – Basic Spectra
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Source of Spectra in The XPS Library
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SpecMaster, 527 MB (*.sdp)
Spectra Databases
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Spectra-Bases #1
Spin-Orbit Coupling
Spin-Orbit Coupling
Spin-Orbit Coupling
Sr – Basic Spectra
SRD 64 Electron Elastic Scattering Cross-Sections
SRD 71 Electron IMFP Database
SRD 82 Electron EAL Database
Statistics
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Summaries of BE Tables – NIST
Summaries of BE Tables – NIST
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Tc – Basic Spectra
Te – Basic Spectra
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Th – Basic Spectra
The History of XPS
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Thermo K-Alpha XPS
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Thickness Estimates
Ti – Basic Spectra
Titanates
Tl – Basic Spectra
Tm – Basic Spectra
ToF-SIMS Information Depth
Too Many Peaks – O (1s) – native SiOx
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Tougaard Background
Tougaard Background
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TXL #2, 2.0 GB (*.vgd)
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TXL Ultimate, 3 GB (*.txt, *.sdp, *.vgd)
U – Basic Spectra
UHV Gas Capture, 1 MB (3d plots)
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Ulvac-PHI ASFs – March 2002
Ulvac-PHI SFs as Plots
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V – Basic Spectra
Valence Band Examples
Valence Band Spectra – Elements
Valence Band, 3 MB (*.txt, *.sdp)
Vanadates
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VG Eclipse Database, 9 MB (*.dts)
Vibrational Bands – Gases & Polymers
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Vincent Fernandez
Vincent S. Smentkowski (USA)
Voigt Peak-shape
W – Basic Spectra
Wagner Book of XPS BEs (NIST)
Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – PHI Modified for 5800 Omni-5
Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – PHI Modified for MultiPak v8
Wagner SFs – Al X-rays – Empirically Defined : F (1s)=1.0 vs C (1s)=1.0
Wagner’s Original ASFs
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Y – Basic Spectra
Yb – Basic Spectra
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Zn – Basic Spectra
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